Biology 11H Prep
The 4 Major Molecules of Life
1. Carbohydrates
![Picture](/uploads/6/1/0/8/61085393/743079.png?1442603342)
Function: Short term energy
There are 3 types…
1. Monosaccharides (one unit of sugar)
2. Disaccharides (two units of sugar)
3. Polysaccharides (many units of sugar)
Examples…
Monosaccharides-glucose, fructose, or galactose
Disaccharides-sucrose, lactose, or maltose
Polysaccharides-amylose,chitin, glycogen, or cellulose
There are 3 types…
1. Monosaccharides (one unit of sugar)
2. Disaccharides (two units of sugar)
3. Polysaccharides (many units of sugar)
Examples…
Monosaccharides-glucose, fructose, or galactose
Disaccharides-sucrose, lactose, or maltose
Polysaccharides-amylose,chitin, glycogen, or cellulose
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Amino acids
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Function: acts as a blueprint to your body -Only found in nucleus -Made of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine -Double helix -Largest molecule on Earth 2. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Function: acts as a helper to DNA -Messenger RNA (mRNA) -Transfer RNA (tRNA) -Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) -Single stranded -Made of adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine 3. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Function: energy molecule of life -Three phosphate molecules bonded together -The last two have a lot of energy stored in their bonds -ATP is not consumed -Mitochondria converts glucose to ATP |
Cell Drawings
Protein Synthesis
- DNA is in nucleus
- mRNA copies segment (a gene) of DNA
- mRNA carries message out of the nucleus by exiting a nuclear pore
- The message is take to a ribosome
- Ribosome reads the message and begins assembling an amino acid chain
- Amino acid chain enters the RER and is curled up
- RER blebs a vesicle and heads to the golgi body
- Golgi body modifies amino acid chain to a full protein
- Golgi body blebs a vesicle and the protein is carried to its final destination